So, a little late today, but here are the numbers!
There are currently a few lessons about the history of maths and philosophy at my university. So just like you, I am learning about mathematical history

The second lecture is tomorrow evening and I am looking forward to it =)
8 )
Aryabhata
Aryabhata was born in 476 in Ashmaka, India, and was one of the greatest Indian mathematicians.
It is said that the concept of the number Zero goes back to him. He did not actually use a symbol for Zero, but in his place value system it became clear, that he calculated with the number Zero.
So a lot of maths was done without using a Zero! Thats quite funny, because Zero is one of the most important numbers/elements in maths.
By the way, I had to show you that name... I don't know how to pronounce it ;D
22)
Ferdinand von Lindemann
Ferdinand von Lindemann was born on 12th April 1852 (we are moving to moder history - a full birth date!) in Hannover, Germany, and was a German mathematician.
What he actually did was proofing the transcendence of pi.
So what does is this and what about it, you may ask.
Transcendence is hard to explain. Is basically means, that there is no polynomial rational function which will be zero when inserting zero. So this sound still freaky.
What it means further is: You can not construct pi with a ruler and a compass. So due to Euclid, you can not calculate with it.
It quite funny - you can draw a circle with a compass, but you can not calculate one.
So what's so interesting about this?
There where three great problems ins maths, one of them was "Squaring the circle" which means, that you take a circle and try to construct a square with the same area as the circle. If you take a circle with radius 1, you need the squareroot of pi to construct the matching square.
Constructing squareroots is not a problem, you can do that (with a lot of drawing), but constructing pi is impossible.
The Babylonian mathematicians already thought about squaring the circle, calculations for measuring a circle go back to 1800 BC(!!!)
Until von Lindemanns proof, no one was really sure if it would work. Many actually thought, it would be possible to square the circle.
Some time earlier it was known, that if pi was transcendental, the squaring would be impossible, but no one was able to proof it.
I will come back to the other two problems when talking about Galois.